Understanding Observational Learning Known as social learning or modeling, this process allows individuals to acquire new behaviors or skills by watching others. This concept, first introduced by psychologist Albert Bandura, emphasizes the role of observation and imitation in learning. Unlike traditional learning methods, observational learning does not require direct experience or practice. Instead, individuals learn by observing the actions and outcomes of others' behavior, which can influence their own actions and attitudes. This type of learning is crucial in understanding how people develop new skills and behaviors in social contexts, such as learning language or social norms. Examples of Observational Learning Alright, class, let's talk about observational learning. This concept is really fascinating because it shows how we can learn just by watching others. For example, think about a child learning to tie their shoes. They often watch their parents or older siblings do it first. By observing the steps closely and seeing the end result—tied shoes—the child learns to replicate the action without someone directly teaching them step-by-step. Another example is in sports. Imagine a beginner basketball player watching a professional game. They observe how the players dribble, pass, and shoot the ball. Even without formal coaching, the beginner can pick up techniques and strategies just by watching skilled players. These examples illustrate how powerful observational learning can be in acquiring new skills without direct practice. Speaking Task Instruction Explain the concept from the reading and use the professor’s examples to show how it works. Preparation time: 30 seconds, Response time: 60 seconds. Sample Student Response The reading passage explains observational learning, where people learn by watching others rather than through direct experience. The professor gives two examples to illustrate this. First, there's a child learning to tie shoes by watching parents or siblings. The child observes the process and then imitates it, managing to learn without being directly taught. The second example is a beginner basketball player who watches professional games. By observing how pros dribble, pass, and shoot, the player learns techniques and strategies. These examples demonstrate how observational learning allows individuals to acquire new skills by observing and imitating others, making it an essential part of learning in social contexts.

An den Mond D. 259 / D. 296Füllest wieder Busch und TalStill mit Nebelglanz,Lösest endlich auch einmalMeine Seele ganz;Breitest über mein GefildLindernd deinen Blick,Wie des Freundes Auge mildÜber mein Geschick.Jeden Nachklang fühlt mein HerzFroh- und trüber Zeit,Wandle zwischen Freud und SchmerzIn der Einsamkeit.Fließe, fließe, lieber Fluß,Nimmer werd ich froh,So verrauschte Scherz und Kuss,Und die Treue so.Ich besaß es doch einmal,Was so köstlich ist,Dass man doch zu seiner QualNimmer es vergißt.Rausche, Fluss, das Tal entlang,Ohne Rast und Ruh,Rausche, flüstre meinem SangMelodien zu,Wenn du in der WinternachtWütend überschwillst,Oder um die FrühlingsprachtJunger Knospen quillst.Selig, wer sich vor der WeltOhne Hass verschließt,Einen Freund am Busen hältUnd mit dem genießt,Was, von Menschen nicht gewusst,Oder nicht bedacht,Durch das Labyrinth der BrustWandelt in der Nacht.달에게 D.259다시금 덤불과 계곡을 조용히 안개빛으로 채우고, 마침내 한 번쯤은 내 영혼도 완전히 풀어주네;내 들판 위로 부드럽게 너의 시선을 드리우고, 친구의 온화한 눈처럼 내 운명을 바라보네.내 마음은 모든 메아리를 느껴 기쁨과 슬픔의 시간들, 기쁨과 고통 사이를 걸으며 고독 속을 떠돌네.흐르거라, 흐르거라, 사랑하는 강아, 나는 다시는 즐겁지 않으리, 장난과 입맞춤이 사라졌듯, 그리고 충성도 그렇게.나는 한때 소유했었네, 그토록 소중한 것을, 그 고통스러운 기억을 결코 잊지 못하리.흐르거라, 강아, 계곡을 따라, 쉼 없이 흐르고, 내 노래에 선율을 속삭여 주어라,네가 겨울밤에 격렬히 넘쳐 흐를 때나, 봄의 찬란한 어린 꽃봉오리들 사이로 솟아날 때.세상에 대한 미움 없이 세상으로부터 자신을 닫을 수 있는 자여, 행복하리라, 가슴에 친구를 품고 그와 함께 누리리라,인간에게 알려지지 않았거나, 또는 고려되지 않았던 것이 가슴의 미로를 밤중에 떠돌 때. D.259 D.296Set by Schubert:D 259[August 19, 1815]D 296[March 1820 at the earliest]Text by:Johann Wolfgang von GoetheText written 1777.  First published 1789달에게 D.259 와 D.296 은 괴테의 같은 시에 곡을 만들었습니다. 위의 표를 참조하십시오. 슈베르트의 가곡 "달에게 An den Mond "는 4개의 곡이 있습니다. 휠티의 각각 다른 시에 곡을 붙인 D.193, D.468 과 괴테의 같은 시에 곡을 붙인 D.259 와 D.296 이렇게 4개가 있습니다.