TITLE: Metformin: Comprehensive Overview for Pharmacy Technicians

📚 Drug Name

Metformin / Glucophage

📚 Drug Class

Biguanide

📚 Indications

Metformin is primarily used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. It helps control blood sugar levels and is often used in conjunction with diet and exercise. It may also be used for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and prediabetes.

📚 Common Side Effects

- Gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort - Bloating - Loss of appetite - Taste disturbance

📚 Serious Side Effects

- Lactic acidosis, a rare but serious condition that can lead to death. Symptoms include muscle pain, difficulty breathing, stomach pain, dizziness, and feeling cold. - Vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term use

📚 Warnings / Contraindications

- Contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR below 30 mL/min/1.73 m²) - Use with caution in patients with liver disease or heart failure - Avoid excessive alcohol consumption to reduce the risk of lactic acidosis - Discontinue temporarily before any radiologic studies involving iodinated contrast materials

📚 Dosage Forms

- Oral tablets (immediate-release and extended-release) - Oral solution

📚 Pharmacy Technician Notes

- Counsel patients to take metformin with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. - Encourage adherence to prescribed diet and exercise regimen. - Monitor renal function periodically, especially in elderly patients or those with renal impairment. - Be aware of the potential for drug-drug interactions, particularly with medications that can impair renal function.

📚 Summary

Metformin is a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy in lowering blood sugar levels and its relatively low cost. It is essential for pharmacy technicians to understand the importance of proper dosing, potential side effects, and the necessity of monitoring renal function. Patient education on adherence and lifestyle modifications is crucial for optimal treatment outcomes.