Denosumab is a medication used primarily to treat osteoporosis and certain types of bone-related conditions. It works by inhibiting a protein called RANKL, which plays a key role in the formation, function, and survival of osteoclasts—cells that break down bone. By inhibiting these cells, denosumab helps to increase bone mass and strength, reducing the risk of fractures.

Denosumab is also used in the treatment of bone loss associated with cancer treatments and in managing bone metastases in certain cancers. It is typically administered as an injection under the skin, usually once every six months for osteoporosis.

As with any medication, there can be side effects. Common ones include back pain, pain in the arms and legs, and high cholesterol levels. More serious side effects can include low calcium levels, serious infections, and skin issues. It is important for patients to discuss their medical history and potential risks with their healthcare provider before starting treatment with denosumab.