TITLE: Understanding the Bystander Effect

Lecture Script: The bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon that occurs when individuals witness an emergency situation but fail to help. This inaction often happens because people assume someone else will take responsibility. A classic study by social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané in the 1960s illustrates this concept. They staged an emergency where participants heard a woman screaming for help.

When alone, 85% of participants intervened. However, when in a group, only 31% took action. The presence of others can create a diffusion of responsibility, where individuals feel less compelled to act. This effect highlights the importance of awareness in social situations and encourages us to take initiative rather than wait for others to step in.

Key Points: - The bystander effect describes inaction during emergencies. - People assume others will take responsibility. - Darley and Latané's study showed significant differences in intervention rates based on group size. - The phenomenon emphasizes the need for personal initiative in crises.

Sample Answer: The bystander effect is a fascinating social psychology concept where people witness an emergency but don't intervene, thinking someone else will help. A notable example is the study by Darley and Latané, which revealed that when participants were alone and heard a woman screaming for help, 85% intervened. However, in a group setting, only 31% acted. This shows how the presence of others can diffuse responsibility.

Understanding this effect can encourage individuals to take initiative in emergencies, rather than waiting for someone else to act.