스피킹 타입3 - AI Generated Note
TITLE: Understanding Cognitive Dissonance
Reading passage
Cognitive dissonance is a psychological concept that refers to the mental discomfort experienced when an individual holds two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or attitudes. This discomfort often leads individuals to change one of the conflicting elements to reduce the dissonance. The theory, developed by Leon Festinger in the 1950s, suggests that people are motivated to maintain consistency among their beliefs and actions. When incongruence occurs, it can result in stress and anxiety, prompting the individual to either change their beliefs or justify their actions to restore harmony.
Listening transcript
Alright, class. Today, we're going to delve deeper into cognitive dissonance. Let me give you two examples to illustrate this concept. First, consider a smoker who learns that smoking is harmful to their health. This knowledge conflicts with their habit, creating cognitive dissonance. To reduce the discomfort, the smoker might quit smoking or convince themselves that the health risks are exaggerated. Another example is a consumer who buys an expensive product, like a car, and later doubts their purchase decision. This doubt creates dissonance, and to reduce it, the consumer might focus on the car's positive features or read reviews that praise the vehicle, thus justifying their choice.
Speaking task instruction
Explain the concept from the reading and use the professor’s examples to show how it works.
Preparation time: 30 seconds, Response time: 60 seconds.
Sample student response
Cognitive dissonance is when people feel uncomfortable because they have conflicting beliefs or actions. In the lecture, the professor gave two examples. First, a smoker who knows smoking is bad for health might quit or downplay the risks to feel better. Second, someone who buys an expensive car might feel regret. To reduce this, they focus on the car's good points or read positive reviews. Both examples show how people try to make their thoughts and actions consistent to feel less stressed. It's all about finding balance in our beliefs and actions.
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