Reading Passage: Astronomical Phenomena Beyond the Milky Way The universe, an infinite expanse of stars, galaxies, and cosmic phenomena, continues to captivate astronomers worldwide. Beyond our familiar Milky Way galaxy lies a realm of breathtaking celestial wonders, each offering unique insights into the mysteries of the cosmos. One such phenomenon is a quasar, an incredibly luminous object powered by a supermassive black hole at the center of a distant galaxy. Quasars emit intense radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum, making them visible from vast distances. Studying quasars provides astronomers with valuable data on the evolution of galaxies and the dynamics of black holes. Moving further into the depths of space, we encounter pulsars, rapidly rotating neutron stars that emit beams of radiation along their magnetic poles. These beams, akin to cosmic lighthouses, result in periodic pulses of radiation detectable from Earth. Pulsars serve as invaluable tools for astronomers, aiding in the precise measurement of cosmic distances and the study of extreme states of matter. As we venture even deeper into the cosmos, we encounter gamma-ray bursts, short-lived yet immensely powerful explosions of energy. These bursts, originating from various celestial events such as supernovae or neutron star mergers, release gamma-ray radiation detectable by specialized telescopes. The study of gamma-ray bursts offers insights into the most energetic processes in the universe and the formation of elements essential for life. Questions: 1. What powers a quasar? A) Neutron star B) Supermassive black hole C) White dwarf D) Red giant 2. What do pulsars emit along their magnetic poles? A) X-rays B) Gamma rays C) Beams of radiation D) Solar wind 3. Based on the passage, what purpose do pulsars serve for astronomers? A) Measurement of cosmic distances B) Study of ocean currents C) Observation of cloud formations D) Analysis of plant growth 4. Which celestial event may lead to gamma-ray bursts? A) Lunar eclipse B) Solar flare C) Supernova D) Comet passing 5. According to the passage, what is a key feature of gamma-ray bursts? A) Long duration B) Weak energy output C) Short-lived but powerful D) Visible to the naked eye Answer Key: 1. (B) Supermassive black hole 2. (C) Beams of radiation 3. (A) Measurement of cosmic distances 4. (C) Supernova 5. (C) Short-lived but powerful