Reading Passage: In the field of psychology, the nature vs. nurture debate has been a longstanding topic of discussion. Proponents of the nature theory argue that genetics and biology play a significant role in shaping human behavior. They believe that traits such as intelligence and personality are largely determined by our genetic makeup. Additionally, they suggest that certain mental health conditions, like schizophrenia, have a genetic predisposition. Furthermore, the nature perspective highlights the importance of evolutionary psychology in understanding human behavior. On the other hand, advocates of the nurture theory posit that environmental factors, such as upbringing and social interactions, have a more substantial impact on an individual's development. They argue that experiences during childhood and adolescence shape our beliefs, values, and behaviors. Moreover, they emphasize the role of cultural influences in shaping societal norms and values. Lecture Script: However, a lecture challenging the reading passage asserts that while genetics may influence certain traits, environmental factors can significantly modulate their expression. The professor argues that even individuals with a genetic predisposition to a particular mental health condition may not develop it if raised in a supportive environment. Furthermore, the lecture points out that social learning theory suggests that behaviors are learned through observation and imitation, highlighting the role of nurture in shaping behavior. Moreover, the professor discusses studies that demonstrate the impact of cultural differences on cognitive development, indicating that nurture plays a crucial role in shaping cognitive abilities. Sample Essay: The reading passage presents the nature theory's arguments regarding the influence of genetics on human behavior, while the lecture challenges these claims by emphasizing the significant impact of environmental factors, such as upbringing and social interactions. Contrary to the reading's assertion that genetics predominantly determine traits like intelligence and personality, the lecture suggests that these traits are modulated by environmental influences. Additionally, while the reading underscores the role of genetics in mental health conditions, the lecture argues that a supportive environment can mitigate genetic predispositions. Furthermore, the reading's emphasis on evolutionary psychology is countered by the lecture's discussion of social learning theory and cultural influences in shaping behavior and cognitive development.