Reading Passage: Climate change poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems worldwide. Rising global temperatures, attributed largely to human activities, have led to a myriad of consequences impacting the delicate balance of marine life. One of the most evident effects is the phenomenon of coral bleaching. Coral reefs, often referred to as the rainforests of the sea, are intricate ecosystems that support a vast array of marine species. When exposed to prolonged high temperatures, corals expel the algae living in their tissues, causing them to turn white or 'bleach.' Without the algae, corals struggle to survive and are more susceptible to disease and death. This not only disrupts the biodiversity of coral reefs but also jeopardizes the livelihoods of communities dependent on these ecosystems for fishing and tourism. Another consequence of climate change on marine ecosystems is ocean acidification. As the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, a portion of it is absorbed by the ocean, leading to a decrease in seawater pH levels. This acidification impairs the ability of marine organisms such as shellfish, corals, and certain plankton species to form their calcium carbonate shells and skeletons. Consequently, their growth and survival are compromised, impacting the entire marine food web. In addition to these direct impacts, climate change is altering ocean currents and temperatures, affecting the distribution and migration patterns of marine species. Warmer waters are causing some species to move towards the poles in search of suitable habitats, while others may face extinction due to the inability to adapt to rapid environmental changes. These shifts in species distribution can have cascading effects on marine ecosystems, influencing predator-prey relationships and competition for resources. Despite the grim outlook, efforts are underway to mitigate the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems. Conservation initiatives, such as the establishment of marine protected areas and sustainable fishing practices, aim to preserve biodiversity and restore the resilience of marine habitats. Public awareness campaigns and international agreements also play a crucial role in fostering global cooperation to combat climate change and safeguard the future of our oceans. Questions: 1. What is the main cause of coral bleaching according to the passage? A) Disease B) High temperatures C) Pollution D) Overfishing 2. Why is ocean acidification mentioned as a consequence of climate change? A) To highlight its positive impact on marine life B) To emphasize its role in promoting coral growth C) To explain its negative effects on shell-forming organisms D) To suggest it is a natural process unaffected by human activities 3. Based on the passage, what is the primary concern regarding the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems? A) Decreased biodiversity B) Reduced fishing opportunities C) Increased tourism revenue D) Enhanced species adaptation Answer Key: 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A)