Reading Passage: Climate Change and Marine Ecosystems

Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time, with far-reaching consequences for various ecosystems across the globe. Marine ecosystems, in particular, are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to their sensitivity to changes in temperature, ocean acidification, and sea level rise. The warming of the Earth's climate is causing significant alterations in marine habitats, leading to shifts in species distribution, changes in food webs, and disruptions in ecosystem functioning. One of the most visible effects of climate change on marine ecosystems is the bleaching of coral reefs. Coral reefs, often referred to as the rainforests of the sea, are home to a diverse array of marine life and play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity. However, rising sea temperatures are causing coral bleaching events, where corals expel the symbiotic algae living within their tissues, resulting in the loss of their vibrant colors and eventual death. These bleaching events not only threaten the survival of coral reefs but also impact the numerous species that depend on them for shelter and food. In addition to coral reefs, marine species such as fish, marine mammals, and seabirds are facing challenges due to climate change. Changes in ocean temperature and currents are affecting the distribution and migration patterns of fish populations, leading to disruptions in global fish stocks and fisheries. Marine mammals, such as polar bears and seals, are losing their habitat as sea ice retreats, forcing them to travel greater distances in search of food. Similarly, seabird populations are experiencing declines as changing ocean conditions impact their food sources and nesting sites. As marine ecosystems continue to face the consequences of climate change, urgent action is needed to mitigate these impacts and protect the biodiversity and health of our oceans.

Questions:

Answer Key:

1. (B)

2. (C)

3. (B)

4. (C)

5. (C)

6. (B)

7. (C)