Reading Passage: The Ancient Mayan Civilization
The Ancient Mayan civilization, known for its remarkable advancements in mathematics, astronomy, and architecture, thrived in the regions of present-day Mexico and Central America from approximately 2000 BC to the early 16th century AD. The Mayans were skilled farmers, cultivating crops such as maize, beans, and squash, which formed the basis of their diet. Their understanding of agricultural techniques allowed them to support a large population in urban centers. In terms of mathematics, the Mayans developed a sophisticated numerical system that included the concept of zero, enabling complex calculations and accurate measurements of time and space. This mathematical prowess is evident in their intricate calendar system, which consisted of several interlocking cycles that accurately predicted celestial events. The Mayans also excelled in astronomy, observing the movements of celestial bodies with precision and aligning their temples and pyramids accordingly. Their architectural achievements, including towering pyramids and intricate stone carvings, reflect their religious beliefs and societal structure.
Questions:
1. According to the passage, what types of crops did the Mayans cultivate?
A) Wheat and barley
B) Maize, beans, and squash
C) Rice and potatoes
D) Apples and oranges
2. What is one of the significant mathematical contributions of the Mayans mentioned in the passage?
A) Invention of calculus
B) Discovery of the Pythagorean Theorem
C) Development of a numerical system with zero
D) Formulation of the theory of relativity
3. Based on the passage, what is one way the Mayans applied their mathematical knowledge?
A) Building irrigation systems
B) Constructing pyramids
C) Predicting celestial events
D) Designing transportation networks
4. Why did the Mayans observe celestial bodies according to the passage?
A) To improve agricultural techniques
B) To worship the sun god
C) To predict future earthquakes
D) To align their structures accurately
5. What was the primary purpose of the Mayan calendar system as described in the passage?
A) Tracking daily weather patterns
B) Scheduling religious ceremonies
C) Predicting eclipses and solstices
D) Calculating trade routes
6. Which of the following best describes the overall purpose of the Mayans' architectural achievements according to the passage?
A) Displaying wealth and power
B) Providing housing for the population
C) Honoring their ancestors
D) Protecting against enemy invasions
Answer Key:
1. (B)
2. (C)
3. (C)
4. (D)
5. (C)
6. (A)
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